The informational results of research that qualifies as “fundamental research” are generally not subject to export controls. What this means is that a JHU research team could lawfully share with their peers at foreign universities new findings about items described on the Commerce Control List – such as certain harmful viruses or bacteria – if the findings arose while performing fundamental research. If the research was not fundamental, perhaps because JHU agreed to the imposition of publication or access restrictions in connection with the project, then, depending upon the countries involved, a license might be needed to share the discoveries with foreign parties.