The results of research that qualifies as fundamental research are generally not subject to export controls. What this means is that a JHU research team could lawfully share with their peers at foreign universities new findings about export controlled items – such as certain harmful viruses or bacteria – if the findings arose in the course of performing fundamental research. If the research was not fundamental, perhaps because JHU agreed to the imposition of publication or access restrictions on the project, then a license would be needed to share the discoveries with foreign parties.